| Subtopic | Mini-topic |
|---|
| 16.1 Failure Classification | - Transaction failure (Logical error, System error) |
| - System crash |
| - Disk failure |
| 16.2 Storage | - Volatile storage |
| - Nonvolatile storage |
| - Stable storage |
| 16.2.1 Stable-Storage Implementation | - RAID systems |
| - Mirrored disks |
| - Remote backup systems |
| 16.2.2 Data Access | - Input and output operations |
| - Buffer blocks and disk buffers |
| 16.3 Recovery and Atomicity | - Transaction atomicity |
| 16.3.1 Log Records | - Types of log records |
| - Shadow copies and shadow paging |
| 16.3.2 Database Modification | - Deferred modification |
| - Immediate modification |
| 16.3.3 Concurrency Control and Recovery | - Strict two-phase locking |
| - Snapshot isolation |
| 16.3.4 Transaction Commit | - Commit log records |
| 16.3.5 Using the Log to Redo and Undo Transactions | - Redo operations |
| - Undo operations |
| 16.3.6 Checkpoints | - Simple checkpoint scheme |
| - Fuzzy checkpoints |
| 16.4 Recovery Algorithm | - Transaction rollback |
| - Recovery after a system crash |